The immense emotional and economic cost of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia makes it imperative to find treatments. Bright light therapy is used as a treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Bright light therapy administration in the morning that treats sleep disorders in patients with dementia might entrain the circadian rhythm to restore a healthy sleep-wake cycle. It has also been used to treat other conditions such as bipolar depression, chronic depressive disorder, circadian phase sleep disorders, postpartum depression, and insomnia. Because sleep disturbances are common in patients with dementia and Alzheimer's disease, the treatment may be useful for these conditions too.
For example, staring at a screen illuminated by a strobe light flickering at specific frequencies can boost the power of gamma waves in the brain. Like rocking a stuck car out of a rut by pushing it back and forth in rhythm, the flashing lights set the neural circuits "rocking" at gamma wave frequency. The light also activates immune cells that may destroy amyloid plaques that are a dangerous consequence of Alzheimer's. For example, 40 hertz light flashes cleared some plaques in the visual cortex, and sound stimulation at 40 hertz reduced amyloid protein in the auditory cortex. The effects might produce some intercellular events (such as gene expression) that improve synaptic connections and produce the experienced good outcomes.
Light therapy is a non-invasive treatment, which works without inducing aggressive chemical changes in the brain. However, it might have side effects, which need to be evaluated before it becomes an accepted medical procedure.
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